What was the major social, cultural, political and...

Question: What was the major social, cultural, political and economic fallout of WWI? It can be argued convincingly that the United States emerged from World War I as the world superpower because of U.S intervention and President Woodrow Wilson’s diplomatic leadership. America had now become the ‘saviour of Europe.’ The United States left World War I with a major confidence boost. The war resulted in the death of empires, the birth of nations and in national boundaries being redrawn around the world. It ushered in prosperity for some countries while it brought economic depression to others. It influenced literature, changed culture and politics; social and economic climate was also impacted. Under the Treaty of Versailles, Germany†¦show more content†¦Displeasure with World War I helped in bringing about Russian Revolution of 1917. This revolution was where the Russian Empire was toppled and replaced by a socialist government led by Vladimir Lenin. North-eastern Europe new states emerged that had formerly been a part of the Russian Empire among them was Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Lithuania. The mandates, territorial concessions and independence movements took place thought out the creation not just Europe. The League of Nations mandated the colony of Germany East Africa be partitioned to Belgium, France and Portugal. Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman and Russian Empires fractured into numerous independent nations after the World War I. American factories and country sides were unharmed, performing better than ever unlike in some European countries the United States was not laid to waste by war. World War I sped up American industrial production, leading to an economic boom throughout the ‘Roaring Twenties.’ The fighting was devastating experience for France and the United Kingdom these countries were able to recover economically without too much difficulty. Germany however particularly suffered following the war under the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was required to make monetary payments to Allies called reparations. The heavy reparations combined with the

Roger Sperry Free Essays

Born August 20, 1913, Roger W. Sperry, won the 1981 Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine. He shared it with two other scientists, Wiesel and Hubel, for research on the nervous system and brain. We will write a custom essay sample on Roger Sperry or any similar topic only for you Order Now They were praised for demonstrating the difference between the two hemispheres of the brain and special functions of the right brain. (Roger W. Sperry Biography (n.d.) A moderately controversial psycho biologist, Sperry changed the history of psychology. In 1935, Sperry attended an Introduction to Psychology class. His first page of notes reported two questions. One being, â€Å"Where does behavior come from?† and two, â€Å"What is the purpose of consciousness?† (Puente, A. 1995) His questions lead this intellectual giant into decades of research that would make a permanent impact on neuroscience, neuropsychology, psychology, philosophy, and society worldwide. (Puente, A. 1995) Born in Hartford, Connecticut, Sperry was a son of a banker and son of an Assistant to the Principle at a local High School. He had one brother named Russell, a year younger, who went into chemistry. At 10 years old, Sperry read a William James (1842-1910) publication that influenced his thoughts. At 11 years old, his father passed away, which left him mentally and emotional unfit for some time. As he attended high school, he played sports and was able to letter n the varsity athletics. Between high school and college he lettered three times in varsity athletics. He went on to graduate as an English Major in 1935, obtained a Masters in Psychology in 1937, then earned his Doctorate in Zoology 1941. In his professional career, Sperry held six different professional positions throughout his studies as a researcher and professor. He achieved near thirty-five different awards, honors, and scholarships in his lifetime. He also traveled all over the world to join in research studies. (Odelb erg, W. 1982) Sperry was a shy and reserved man. He married Norma, a fellow biologist in December 1949. Together they had a son and a daughter ten years apart. In his home life, he appeared as a family man as well as he loved collecting fossils, fishing, snorkeling, painting, sports, sculptures, ceramics, and dancing. In the first year of the Sperry’s marriage, Roger, during a routine chest x-ray showed evidence of tuberculosis. The couple were sent to New York for treatment. During treatment he began writing monumental concepts of â€Å"Mind and Brain†, (1952) where he began to describe, â€Å"Present day science is quite at a loss even to begin to describe the neural events involved in the simplest forms of mental activity†. (Sperry, R. W. 1952 p.311) His thoughts became a published article in 1952 titled â€Å"Neurology of mind and brain problems.† This was one of two hundred-ninety publications by Sperry. Experimental Studies Sperry is most famous for experimental studies of how brain circuits are formed and for research on mental activities after the connecting tracts between cerebral hemispheres have been cut. While working toward his doctorate, Sperry was in close association with biophysicist Paul Weiss. Weiss developed a surgery to analyze how connections between nerves and muscles are patterned in amphibian. This experiment showed regeneration of links from eye to brain, and brain to muscles after having one eye removed and one rotated 180 degrees. (Trevarthen, C. 2004) In 1950, Sperry took one eye and transferred the other eye to the opposite side of the head in a fish or newt, resulting in them going in circles or appearing to be chasing their tail. Sperry concluded there is an internal brain signal, helping both perception of self movement and the focus of perception while the world is in motion. (Trevarthen, C. 2004) In 1953, Sperry and graduate student, Ronald Myers, invented an operation in cats to cut the crossover of visual nerves, and lead the nerves to only one cerebral hemisphere. While leaving one hemisphere intact for the animal to function . They tried several versions of crossovers. Specific connections could transmit learning. This operation is the route of the term â€Å"split brain†. These experiments extended to monkeys. (Trevarthen, C. 2004) In 1960, Neurosurgeon Joseph Bogen and Sperry observed behavior of split brain monkeys outside test situations. Their observations indicated that the left hemisphere which is normally the dominant and learning side, was virtually unimpaired and offered promise of relief from debilitating epileptic fits. (Trevarthen, C. 2004) Epilepsy disturbs brain function and can cause injury, brain damage or death. In 1962, Bogen performed a total neocortical commissurotomy, also known as brain surgery on a man who suffered frequent epileptic attacks. Sperry was able to apply systematic psychological tests after the surgery. In 1965, researchers explored a small population of brain surgery patients. Once understanding the connections achieved, this step in human brain surgery reached into all areas of human mental life and excited immense public and scholarly interest. (Trevarthen, C. 2004) In 1964, Roger Sperry, in a conference to the Division of Biology at Caltech, presented his ideas on consciousness. For the first time in psychology’s history, Sperry was able to give his professional thesis on behavior and consciousness. Stating behavior is not only the culmination of complex interworking of neuronal patterning, but such patterning would give rise to consciousness. This consciousness would have causal effect on specific neuronal activity. (Puente, A. 1995) In laymen’s terms, our behavior affects our consciousness, and our consciousness affects our behavior. Giving an answer to questions he had asked himself nearly 30 years before. Summary Sperry continued his research until the end of his life. He received an APA Lifetime Achievement Award at the 101st convention of the American Psychological Association in August of 1993. Several extraordinary breakthroughs have been achieved from the dedication, research, and logic Sperry was able to share with his colleagues. He was able to give humans with neurological problems life rather than having to suffer. Roger W. Sperry died on April 17, 1994, in Pasadena, CA from neuromuscular degenerative disorder. References http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1981/sperry-autobio.html# http://www.faqs.org/health/bios/41/Roger-W-Sperry.html http://people.uncw.edu/puente/sperry/sperrypapers/50s/46-1952.pdf How to cite Roger Sperry, Essay examples

Dinner Guest Me Poetry Analysis free essay sample

The persona in this poem is an African American person. This is illustrated in the first two verses of the poem where the speaker says that he or she, being a metaphor for the African American race, is the Negro Problem. The reader knows that he is referring to himself because he speaks in first person. Dinner Guest: Me by Langston Hughes has a variety of different tones. One of the tones of the persona is anger. This is shown in the first two verses of the poem, l know I am the Negro Problem, and in the last two verses, Solutions to the Problem, Of course, wait. The speaker acknowledges the fact that himself along with the African American race are the Negro Problem that is present among the conversation of the white people at the dinner table. The anger derives from the fact that the speaker has become the Negro Problem because of his success being an African American and the success of his African American brothers and sisters. We will write a custom essay sample on Dinner Guest: Me Poetry Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the last verses the speaker shows the anxiety towards the solution to this problem and knows only that in time, the problem will hopefully be solved. Another tone of the persona is serious. The overall theme, being the demanding of freedom, gives off a serious tone because the subject of racism and segregation in itself is a serious topics and was a problem that had to be faced by the African Americans during the 1960s when the poem was written. This subject matter has been and currently is being taken seriously. The persona also portrays a secretive tone. This is seen in verses four through nine of the poem, Answering the usual questions that come to white mind hich seeks demurely to probe in polite way the why and wherewithal of darkness U. S. A. In this quote the reader observes that in a secretive manner, the white people are trying to sound polite and kind while questioning the black race and their success when in reality they are doing it out of arrogance and unacceptance. Darkness U. S. A symbolizes the corruptness of the white peoples thoughts and conversation. Single rhyme and end rhyme: Being wined and dined that comes to white mind To probe in polite way of darkness U. S. A In current democratic night Im so ashamed of being white. The wine divine At the damask table, mine Park Avenue at eight Of course, wait. Internal Rhyme: Being wined and dined The wine divine Alliteration: The why and wherewithal Assonance: To probe in polite way Wondering how things got his way At the damask table, mine Park avenue at eight Solutions to the problem End rhyme in the first three verses draws attention to the deeper meaning on the poem. The speaker can be metaphor for the African American population that emains the Negro Pro blem in America. On a smaller scale, the Negro Problem is the topic of conversation at the table full of white people. The use of end rhyme in this the reader want to read on. During the course of the poem, the use of rhyming is used only in certain places and not at the end of every verse. The lack of rhyming emphasizes the seriousness of the poem. A large amount of rhyming schemes portray a more light and happy tone, whereas a limited amount portrays a serious tone, which is suitable for this type of poem.